For
Eucalyptus oil (Pharmaceutical grade)
Supplied by E & B Holdings
Contents:-
General information
Introduction
General information
Handling
Detailed information
COMPANY DETAILS.
NAME: E & B HOLDINGS.
ADDRESS:
1, Lampard road,
Myola East
TOOLLEEN
VICTORIA 3429.
AUSTRALIA
TEL. 03 54329280.
FAX. 03 97409288.
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION.
PRODUCT NAME.
POLYBRACTEA EUCALYPTUS OIL.
TRADE NAME.
SUPA EUCKY.
MAIN INGREDIENT:
1,8 CINEOLE (1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2.]-octane), 85%.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.
Appearance.
Clear colorless or pale yellow liquid.
Relative density.
0.907.
Specifications.
Complies to BRITISH PHARMACEUTICALS
BP 1998 requirements for Eucalyptus oil.
ISO 3065 1975
Organic status:
Organic License number 3427 (NAASA)
HAZARD INFORMATION.
RATED AS A POISON.
NOT TO BE CONSUMED.
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting, give a glass of water and consult a doctor as quick as possible, providing medical information given in section for Medical Practitioners.
EYES.
If eyes are effected, flush with water for 15 minutes and see a doctor if irritation persists.
FIRE.
Can use water spray, dry chemical or Carbon Dioxide.
SPILLS.
Can be washed down with water or contained with earth or sand and disposed of in normal land fill or general waste disposal.
ANALYSIS.
See Detailed information
CONFINED SPACES.
When using Eucalyptus oil make sure that there is adequate ventilation. Three air changes per hour typical for public buildings is recommended. Use in confined spaces could lead to possible allergy induced asthma in certain persons. If dizziness occurs please contact a doctor and seek medical treatment.
This only applies to 100% pure oil and dilution's should be considered for all applications.
If use of the oil is in confined locations wearing of a wear a respirator mask similar as used when using toxic sprays.
SKIN EXPOSURE
Even though there are no known long term effects of
immersion of skin in the oil, exposure to the pure oil will cause drying
of the skin and irritation of sensitive organs. Normal skin disinfectant
applications usually use a 20% and less dilution of the oil.
Eucalyptus oil
Pharmaceutical grade
1.1 Substance
Eucalyptus oil
1.2 Group
Essential oils
1.3 Synonyms
Oleum Eucalypti
Essencia de Eucalipto
Essence of Eucalyptus Rectifiee
Eucalypti Aetheroleum
Cineole
1.4 Identification numbers
1.4.1 CAS number
8000-48-4
1.4.2 Other numbers
UN 2319
1.5 Main brand names, main trade names
1.6 Main manufacturers, main importers
2.1 Main risks and target organs
The main risk is aspiration secondary to vomiting and loss of consciousness. Target organs are the central nervous system, the lungs and the gastrointestinal system.
2.2 Summary of clinical effects
Poisoning affects the nervous system (loss of consciousness, hypoventilation,
depression of reflexes and convulsions), the gastrointestinal system (abdominal
pain, vomiting and diarrhoea) and the respiratory system (respiratory depression,
dyspnoea, pneumonitis and bronchospasm). Gastrointestinal effects are frequently
the initial effects although drowsiness may occur in a few minutes and
coma within 10 minutes. The patient may vomit while drowsy or unconscious
and aspiration is a major risk.
Tachycardia and weak irregular pulse has been noted. Muscle weakness
and ataxia may occur. Nephritis is rare but has been
recorded. Both miosis and mydriasis can occur (miosis being more common).
Central nervous system (CNS) depression or
vomiting have been delayed up to four hours. Recovery is often within
24 hours. It is a mild skin irritant. Chronic effects have not been reported.
2.3 Diagnosis
In the absence of a relevant history the odor of eucalyptus should help
make the diagnosis succinct. The breath, vomit and urine may all smell
of eucalyptus.
2.4 First-aid measures and management principles
First-aid measures. Avoid milk. All ingestions require medical assessment.
Stabilize patient by providing basic life support (i.e..
airway, breathing and circulation). Management is mainly symptomatic
and supportive. The main risk is aspiration because the principle toxic
effects are vomiting and depression of conscious state. Therefore aggressive
gastrointestinal decontamination without airway protection may in itself
be harmful. Attempts to induce vomiting must be avoided. The best option
for treating minor or moderate poisoning is close observation. Asymptomatic
patients should be observed for six hours . If respiratory manifestations
develop after ingestion, aspiration may have occurred. An initial chest
examination (including chest x-ray) is indicated. If no abnormalities are
detected on initial chest examination, repeat six hours after ingestion.
Careful gastric lavage and instillation of activated charcoal or colonic
washout solution should only be attempted under general anaesthesia with
endotracheal intubation.
3.1 Origin of substance
Eucalyptus oil is obtained by tesifying the oil distilled from leaves of various species of Eucalyptus. The major active ingredient is cineole (eucalyptol). Medicinal eucalyptus oil contains not less than 70 % W/W of cineole; it also contains pinene and other terpenes and may contain small quantities of phellandrene (Reynolds, 1982). Depending on the source -and purity- up to forty one compounds have been detected in eucalyptus oil the main component being cineole (Brophy et al., 1985).
3.2 Chemical structure
Chemical name:
1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2.]-octane
Other chemical names:
1,8-epoxy-p-menthane
Molecular formula of cineole (eucalyptol): C10H18O
(Budavari, 1996)
Molecular weight: 154.25 (Budavari, 1996)
3.3 Physical properties
3.3.1 Color
Colorless to pale yellow liquid (Budavari, 1996)
3.3.2 State/Form
Liquid-oil
3.3.3 Description
Odor: Camphoraceous odor (Reynolds, 1996, Merck, 1996).
Taste: Pungent, spicy, cooling taste (Merck, 1996).
Solubility: Insoluble in water (Merck, 1996)
Soluble 1 in 5 of alcohol 70%,
Miscible with alcohol (90%), dehydrated alcohol, oils, fats and paraffins (Reynolds, 1982).
Miscible with ether, chloroform, glacial acetic acid.
Boiling point of cineole (eucalyptol): 176°C to 177°C.
Density of cineole (eucalyptol) 0.921 to 0.923 (Budavari, 1996).
3.4 Other characteristics
3.4.1 Shelf-life of the substance
No data available.
3.4.2 Storage conditions
Products containing eucalyptus oil should be stored at a temperature
not exceeding 25°C in well filled containers. Protect from light (Reynolds,
1982). Liquid products containing eucalyptus oil are best stored in child
resistant containers.
4.1 Indications
4.1.1 Indications
4.1.2 Description
Eucalyptus oil has been used for inhalation as a decongestant often in combination with other volatile substances. It has been used orally for catarrh and coughs. It has been applied as a rubefacient. It has been used as a flavoring (Reynolds, 1996). It is used extensively as a cleaning solvent. It is used extensively as a fragrance. It is used as an antiseptic, febrifuge and expectorant in herbal medicine (Newell, 1996).
4.2 Therapeutic dosage
4.2.1 Adults
Recommended adult oral dose is 0.05 ml to 0.2 ml (Reynolds, 1982). Has been used as a topical rubefacient at 0.5% to 3%.
4.2.2 Children
There is no recommended oral paediatric dose.
4.3 Contraindications
Not relevant.
5.1 Oral
Well absorped orally. Absorption expected to increase in
the presence of lipid substances such as milk.
5.2 Inhalation
Inhalation of the liquid or aerosol can be directly toxic to the lungs. No data available on systemic absorption via the lungs in humans.
5.3 Dermal
No data available
5.4 Eye
No data available
5.5 Parenteral
No data available
5.6 Others
No data available
6.1 Absorption by route of exposure
Gastrointestinal absorption is rapid. It is lipid soluble and absorption is likely to be enhanced with foods such as milk. Bioavailability is unknown.
6.2 Distribution by route of exposure
No data available
6.3 Biological half-life by route of exposure
No data available
6.4 Metabolism
No data available
6.5 Elimination and excretion
It is excreted via the lungs, urine, skin and faeces (MacPherson, 1925).
Yet, this has not been quantitatively determined in humans.
7.1 Mode of action
7.1.1 Toxicodynamics
See 7.1.2
7.1.2 Pharmacodynamics
Cellular mode of action is unknown. Its medical use as a decongestant, or skin rubefucient is traditional but with no fairly established bases.
7.2 Toxicity
7.2.1 Human data
7.2.1.1 Adults
Probable lethal dose 0.05 ml to 0.5 ml/kg (Hindle, 1994).
7.2.1.2 Children
Although many children remain asymptomatic after ingestions clinically significant symptoms have been reported following ingestion of less than one teaspoonful (Craig, 1953; Owen, 1885). Anticipate minor depression of consciousness after ingestion of 2 ml to 3mL of pure eucalyptus oil and significant depression after more than 5 ml (Tibballs, 1995). Severe poisoning has occurred after ingestion of 4 ml to 5 ml (Allan, 1910; Foggie, 1911). Children have recovered after 14 ml and 24 ml (Sewell, 1925; Benjamin, 1906).
7.2.2 Relevant animal data
LD50 (ORAL) rat of cineole (Eucalyptol) 2480
mg/kg (Jenner et al., 1964)
7.2.3 Relevant in vitro data
No information available.
7.3 Carcinogenicity
No information available
7.4 Teratogenicity
No information available
7.5 Mutagenicity
No information available
7.6 Interactions
No information available